Salud Mental
http://revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental
<p><strong>Salud Mental</strong> journal is an official publication of the Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. It has been published bimonthly and uninterruptedly since its foundation in August 1977. According to the ethical policies of scientific publishing, the Internal Review Board initially reviews the submitted manuscripts; The ones that are approved are reviewed through a double-blind process carried out by experts in each field. In addition, Salud Mental publishes monographic supplements on various mental health-related topics.</p>Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizenSalud Mental0185-3325<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="license"><img style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Licencia Creative Commons" /></a><br />Esta obra está bajo una <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" rel="license">Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional</a>.Circulating sex hormones in women with severe anxiety during pregnancy
http://revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/SM.0185-3325.2024.002
<p><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Introduction.</span></strong> Anxiety, mood- and stress-related behaviors are regulated by sex hormones in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Very scarce information exists about the role of sex steroids in pregnant women displaying high levels of anxiety.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Objective.</span></strong> To determine sex hormones serum levels in pregnant women exhibiting high levels of anxiety symptoms.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Method.</span></strong> The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS/ HAM-A) was used to assess the intensity of anxiety symptoms in third-trimester pregnant women. Two groups were included in the study, pregnant women exhibiting severe anxiety (ANX; HARS scores ≥ 25; <em>n</em> = 101) and healthy control subjects (CTRL; <em>n</em> = 40) displaying lower scores for anxiety (HARS scores ≤ 7). Estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) serum levels were measured using a standard chemiluminescent immunoassay. Bivariate and partial correlations were performed to detect significant associations between groups, clinical measures, biochemical data, and HARS scores.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Results.</span></strong> The anxiety group (ANX) showed an increase in E2 and T serum levels (<em>p</em> < .001) compared to CTRL. Conversely, significantly lower P4 levels were found in the symptomatic group (<em>p</em> < .001) as compared to the CTRL hormone values. The P4:E2 index was significantly reduced in pregnant women with high levels of anxiety (<em>p</em> < .001). Negative correlations between anxiety (HARS) scores, P4 serum levels (<em>p</em> = .02), and P4:E2 ratio (<em>p</em> = .04) were found in the symptomatic group. Conversely, T serum levels displayed a positive association (<em>p</em> = .001) with high levels of anxiety symptoms in the same group, after adjusting our data by clinical confounders.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Discussion and conclusion.</span></strong> Serum levels of sex-steroid hormones are altered in pregnant women exhibiting severe anxiety.</p>
Original ArticlesEstradiolprogesteronetestosteronesteroidspregnancyanxietystressPhilippe Leff-GelmanIgnacio Camacho-ArroyoRodrigo Tonalli Camacho PachecoFausto Moisés Coronel CruzAnnette Valerie Gaspard CervantesLaura Elena Jiménez AquinoMelissa Solares-BravoMónica Flores-Ramos
Copyright (c) 2024 Salud Mental
2024-02-012024-02-0131210.17711/SM.0185-3325.2024.002Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on perinatal depression in Mexico
http://revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/SM.0185-3325.2024.006
<p><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Background.</span></strong> Perinatal depression (PND) is a clinical disease developed in any stage during the pregnancy and postpartum period with serious health and economic implications.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Objective.</span></strong> The aim of this work was to analyze via bibliometrics indicators Mexico’s production on PND to provide a view of the academic landscape and a comprehensive reference for subsequent research in the country.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Method.</span></strong> The Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases were used to perform a search for peer reviewed papers related to PND in México. The search was made following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The extracted data were processed with VOS Viewer to examine link strength and clusters associations of diverse bibliometrics variables.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Results.</span></strong> A total of 132 records were retrieved and we included 70 studies in the bibliometric analysis after application of the exclusion criteria. The authors with more papers were Navarrete L., and Asunción Lara M. The institutions with more papers were the National Institute of Perinatology, Ramón de la Fuente National Institute of Psychiatry, and National Institute of Public Health of Mexico. A diminution of the research considered in PND is observed in the last two years. Four keyword clusters were identified related to PND: symptoms, prevalence, pregnancy.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Discussion and conclusion.</span></strong> The scarce literature concerning PND in Mexico compared with other countries could be due the limited collaboration between the health institutes. An urgent need to increase research on PND in Mexico is evident to be applicable in the management of resources in the healthcare system.</p>
Review articlePerinatal depressionpostpartum depressionMéxicobibliometricVOS ViewerScopusWeb of ScienceDavid Osvaldo Cruz-CanoMónica Flores-RamosUriel Ángel Sánchez-RiveraNorma Berenice Cruz-Cano
Copyright (c) 2024 Salud Mental
2024-02-012024-02-01455410.17711/SM.0185-3325.2024.006Perinatal mental health: The launching spot to our mental health
http://revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/SM.0185-3325.2024.001
<p>The complexity of caring for two minds at a single time, happens when an expecting mother is, in turn, taking care of her future baby. All the efforts of the health provider must converge at this moment to maintain the greatest well-being of both the mother and the fetus. However, in reality, difficulties are present and determine some mental symptoms. Moreover, illnesses like depression and anxiety are not discarded in the perinatal period. It is well known that emotional disorders are common during pregnancy, especially in vulnerable populations (WHO, 2021). In Mexican women, perinatal depression has been estimated to range from 8.2% to 20%, depending on the timing of the evaluation (Lara et al., 2015), while perinatal anxiety symptoms reported rate is 21% in the pregnancy and 18% in the postpartum (Juárez Padilla, 2021). Those disorders are frequently unrecognized and untreated, with the consequences that entail them (Flores-Ramos et al., 2013). Mental comorbidities during pregnancy exert important impacts on both growth and neurodevelopment of the fetus and the neonate, with adverse outcomes for both mother and the offspring in the postnatal life.</p>
EditorialMónica Flores-RamosPhilippe Leff-Gelman
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2024-02-012024-02-011210.17711/SM.0185-3325.2024.001Depressive symptoms in pregnant women treated at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora
http://revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/SM.0185-3325.2024.003
<p><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Introduction.</span></strong> Pregnancy, being a situation of vulnerability and with its inherent changes, places women at a great risk of depression. In Mexico, the prevalence of probable depression in pregnant women treated at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, was 17.8%, assessed using the Edinburgh Perinatal Depression Scale (EPDS). To date, there are no data regarding this issue in Sonora.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Objective.</span></strong> To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in pregnant women treated at the Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (México).<br /><span class="sec_res_tit"><br /><strong>Method.</strong></span> An observational, descriptive, transversal, and prospective study was conducted in 2021, applying the EPDS in 168 2nd/3rd trimester pregnant women, selected by non-probabilistic sampling by consecutive cases. Sociodemographic variables, pathological/non-pathological, gynecological, and obstetrical personal history were explored. The analysis was performed using measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables; for qualitative variables, frequency and percentage; <span class="CharOverride-3">χ</span><sup>2</sup> test to assess differences in distribution of depressive symptomatology by age and the rest of variables.<br /><span class="sec_res_tit"><br /><strong>Results.</strong></span> A global prevalence of “probable depression” of 14.3% was determined. The majority, within 20-29 age group, with a partner and a planned/desired pregnancy. High school educational level, 50%. History of intimate partner violence, 54.2%. Almost 40%, primigravida. Substance use, denied. Overweight/obesity, in 70%.<br /><span class="sec_res_tit"><br /><strong>Discussion and conclusion.</strong></span> There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy, going unnoticed for reasons such as insufficient knowledge (patient/health care providers), since there is no routine screening. It is imperative to work on prevention, detection and treatment, since it entails multiple consequences at a binomial, family, and social level.</p>
Original ArticlesDepressionpregnancyscreeningEdinburghSonoraCésar Dalí González-GastélumLuis Daniel Ávila-GámezClaudia Iveth Briseño-RoblesNorma Carolina Morales-GarcíaAna Irais Becerra-DurandMauricio Frías-Mendívil
Copyright (c) 2024 Salud Mental
2024-02-012024-02-01132210.17711/SM.0185-3325.2024.003Postpartum depression in adolescent mothers before and during COVID-19 and the role of self-esteem, maternal self-efficacy, and social support
http://revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/SM.0185-3325.2024.004
<p><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Introduction.</span></strong> Although the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of vulnerable populations, such as adolescent mothers, very few studies have documented the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in this population.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Objective.</span></strong> a) Determine the frequency of PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] ≥ 9) in adolescent mothers before (AM-BP) and during (AM-DP) the pandemic, b) Examine psychosocial factors (self-esteem, maternal efficacy, social support, depression and anxiety in pregnancy, planned and wanted pregnancy) in AM-BP and AM-DP, and c) Determine whether being an AM-DP was a significant factor for experiencing PPD (EPDS ≥ 9).<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Method.</span></strong> Cross sectional study. Subjects: Forty-one AM-BP recruited at Health Centers and interviewed face to face and forty-one AM-DP surveyed online.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Results.</span></strong> PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) was 42% (<em>p</em> = .001) more frequent in AM-DP. The groups differed significantly in all psychosocial factors, with AM-DP faring worse. Unadjusted regressions showed that being an AM-DP, having lower maternal efficacy and self-esteem, greater dissatisfaction with social support, and depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy increased PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Adjusted multiple analysis indicated that lower self-esteem was the only factor to maintain its association with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9; <em>p</em> = .017).<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Discussion and conclusion.</span></strong> The pandemic negatively affected PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) and psychosocial factors in AM-DP, as compared to AM-BP, with self-esteem being the main factor associated with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). In situations of extreme stress as happened in the pandemic, the mental health of adolescent mothers should be prioritized to prevent negative effects such as PPD. PPD preventive and treatment interventions should consider strengthening self-esteem.</p>
Original ArticlesAdolescentspostpartum depressionmaternal self-efficacyself-esteemsocial supportCOVID-19depresión pospartoPamela PatiñoMaría Asunción LaraCorina BenjetAsunción Alvarez-del RíoFeliciano Bartolo Solís
Copyright (c) 2024 Salud Mental
2024-02-012024-02-01233310.17711/SM.0185-3325.2024.004Psychosocial profiles of women who legally terminated a pregnancy in Mexico City
http://revistasaludmental.mx/index.php/salud_mental/article/view/SM.0185-3325.2024.005
<p><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Introduction.</span></strong> Reproductive autonomy enables a person to freely decide their life plan, including sexual and reproductive health. However, its exercise can be constrained by health determinants and other structural conditions. Knowing the background of women who undergo a Legal Interruption of Pregnancy (LIP) helps identify patterns of inequality and their impact on the exercise of reproductive autonomy.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Objective.</span></strong> To analyze the profile of women who legally terminate a pregnancy in Mexico City.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Method.</span></strong> Latent class analysis, with the participation of 274 women who terminated a first trimester pregnancy at a public facility.<br /><br /><strong><span class="sec_res_tit">Results.</span></strong> Model of two latent classes: adult (68.34%) and young women (31.65%). Stigma was the predictor variable for class; the higher the score, the lower the probability of belonging to the adult group (<em>p</em> = .019). Adult women were characterized by having lower educational attainment, engaging in unpaid activities, having at least one child, and having had previous abortions, having experienced intimate partner violence in the past twelve months and reporting that their partners did not agree with the interruption of their pregnancy. Young women were students, partnered and reported that their partners had agreed with them to request an abortion.<br /><span class="sec_res_tit"><br /><strong>Discussion and conclusion.</strong></span> Despite the legal changes effected, stigma is still present in the abortion demand and access, particularly for women with certain characteristics. It would be useful to include interventions to reduce stigma in counseling, using an approach based on previous experience.</p>
Original ArticlesInduced abortionstigmaautonomyreproductive healthgender violenceautonomíaviolencia de géneroKarla Flores-CelisMartha Cordero OropezaLuciana Esther Ramos-Lira
Copyright (c) 2024 Salud Mental
2024-02-012024-02-01354310.17711/SM.0185-3325.2024.005