Team sports as a protective factor against mental health problems and suicidal ideation in adolescents
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Resumen
Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre los diferentes tipos de actividad física (ejercicio sistematizado, deportes individuales y colectivos), la salud mental y la ideación suicida en adolescentes.
Método. Se realizó un estudio transversal realizado con 666 adolescentes brasileños (14-19 años) que asisten a escuelas secundarias y fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. Los indicadores de salud mental analizados fueron evaluados a través del Cuestionario de Autoinforme y el Cuestionario de Fortalezas y Dificultades, incluyendo la ideación suicida. También obtuvimos información de la actividad física a través de cuestionarios.
Resultados. Hubo una mayor prevalencia relacionada con trastornos mentales (54.2% contra 32.5%), dificultades relacionadas con la salud mental (79.6% contra 48.4%) y pensamientos suicidas (22.9% contra 11.4%) en niñas que en niños (p < .001 para todos). Los chicos practicaban más deportes de equipo (41.0 contra 23.8), mientras que las chicas hacían más ejercicio (45.1 contra 26.5; p < .001).
Discusión y conclusión. La práctica de deportes de equipo ayuda en el desarrollo del espíritu colectivo, estimula la interacción social, desarrolla el razonamiento y la inteligencia emocional. Los niños que practican deportes de equipo tienen menos síntomas de trastornos mentales comunes, menos problemas de salud mental y menos ideación suicida en comparación con los niños físicamente inactivos.
Referencias
Andersen, M. H., Ottesen, L., & Thing, L. F. (2019). The social and psychological health outcomes of team sport participation in adults: An integrative review of research. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(8), 832-850. doi: 10.1177/1403494818791405
Avanci, J. Q., Assis, S. G., Oliveira, R. V. C., Ferreira, R. M., & Pesce, R. P. (2007). Associated Factors with MentalHealth Problems inAdolescents. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 23(3), 287-294. doi: 10.1590/S0102-37722007000300007
Babiss, L. A., & Gangwisch, J. E. (2009). Sports Participation as a Protective Factor Against Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents as Mediated by Self-Esteem and Social Support. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 30(5), 376-384. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181b33659
Badura, P., Geckova, A. M., Sigmundova, D., van Dijk, J. P., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2015). When children play, they feel better: organized activity participation and health in adolescents. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1090. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2427-5
Baiden, P., & Tadeo, S. K. (2020). Investigating the association between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation among adolescents: Evidence from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Child Abuse & Neglect, 102, 104417. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104417
Benetti, S. P. da C., Pizetta, A., Schwartz, C. B., Hass, R. de A., & Melo, V. L. (2010). Mental health problems in adolescence: family characteristics, traumatic events and violence. Psico-USF, 15(3), 321-332. doi: 10.1590/S1413-82712010000300006
Bezerra, J., Lopes, A. da S., Del Duca, G. F., Barbosa Filho, V. C., & Barros, M. V. G. de. (2016). Leisure-time physicalactivityand associated factors among adolescents of Pernambuco, Brazil: From 2006 to 2011. Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, 18(1), 114-126. doi: 10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p114
Dantas, E. H. M. (2014). A Prática da Preparação Física. São Paulo: Roca.
de Jesus Mari, J., & Williams, P. (1986). A Validity Study of a Psychiatric Screening Questionnaire (SRQ-20) in Primary Care in the city of Sao Paulo. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148(1), 23-26. doi: 10.1192/bjp.148.1.23
Eagleton, J. R., McKelvie, S. J., & de Man, A. (2007). Extraversion and Neuroticism in Team Sport Participants, Individual Sport Participants, and Nonparticipants. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 105(1), 265-275. doi: 10.2466/pms.105.1.265-275
Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 98. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-98
EpiData Software. (n.d.). Atlanta. Retrieved from http://www.epidata.dk/download.php/downloads/php/php/downloadc.php?file=setup_epidata.exe#ee
Fonseca, E. B. da. (1997). O esporte como fator de desenvolvimento e de saúde mental na criança e no adolescente. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 3(3), 82-83. doi: 10.1590/S1517-86921997000300005
Goodman, R. (1999). The Extended Version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a Guide to Child Psychiatric Caseness and Consequent Burden. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(5), 791-799. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00494
Graupensperger, S., Sutcliffe, J., & Vella, S. A. (2021). Prospective Associations between Sport Participation and Indices of Mental Health across Adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(7), 1450-1463. doi: 10.1007/s10964-021-01416-0
Guo, C., Tomson, G., Keller, C., & Söderqvist, F. (2018). Prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 263. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5133-2
Harrison, P. A., & Narayan, G. (2003). Differences in Behavior, Psychological Factors, and Environmental Factors Associated with Participation in School Sports and Other Activities in Adolescence. Journal of School Health, 73(3), 113-120. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2003.tb03585.x
Harvey, S. B., Øverland, S., Hatch, S. L., Wessely, S., Mykletun, A., & Hotopf, M. (2018). Exercise and the Prevention of Depression: Results of the HUNT Cohort Study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(1), 28-36. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16111223
Jansen, K., Mondin, T. C., Ores, L. da C., Souza, L. D. de M., Konradt, C. E., Pinheiro, R. T., & Silva, R. A. da. (2011). Mental common disorders and quality of life in young adulthoods: a population-based sample in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 27(3), 440-448. doi: 10.1590/S0102-311X2011000300005
Kopcakova, J., Veselska, Z., Geckova, A., Kalman, M., van Dijk, J., & Reijneveld, S. (2015). Do Motives to Undertake Physical Activity Relate to Physical Activity in Adolescent Boys and Girls? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(7), 7656-7666. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120707656
Lopes, C. S., Abreu, G. de A., Santos, D. F. dos, Menezes, P. R., Carvalho, K. M. B. de, Cunha, C. de F., … Szklo, M. (2016). ERICA: prevalence of common mental disorders in Brazilian adolescents. Revista de Saúde Pública, 50(suppl 1). 14s. doi: 10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006690
Lourenço, B. da S., Peres, M. A. de A., Porto, I. S., Oliveira, R. M. P. de, & Dutra, V. F. D. (2017). Physical activity as a therapeutic strategy in mental health: an integrative review with implication for nursing care. Escola Anna Nery, 21(3), 1-8. doi: 10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2016-0390
Machado, D. B., & Santos, D. N. dos. (2015). Suicidein Brazil, from 2000 to 2012. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 64(1), 45-54. doi: 10.1590/0047-2085000000056
Mendle, J., Ryan, R. M., & McKone, K. M. P. (2018). Age at Menarche, Depression, and Antisocial Behavior in Adulthood. Pediatrics, 141(1), e20171703. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-1703
Oliveira, J., & Tavares, F. (1996). Estratégia e táctica nos jogos desportivos colectivos. Porto: Centro de Estudos dos Jogos Desportivos.
O’Connor, R. C., & Nock, M. K. (2014). The psychology of suicidal behaviour. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(1), 73-85. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70222-6
Panza, M. J., Graupensperger, S., Agans, J. P., Doré, I., Vella, S. A., & Evans, M. B. (2020). Adolescent Sport Participation and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 42(3), 201-218. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0235
Pascoe, M., Bailey, A. P., Craike, M., Carter, T., Patten, R., Stepto, N., & Parker, A. (2020). Physical activity and exercise in youth mental health promotion: a scoping review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000677. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000677
Pinheiro, B. D. O., Andrade, A. L. M., & De Micheli, D. (2016). Relationshipbetween levels ofphysical activityand quality of life in druguse in teenagers. SMAD. Revista Eletrônica Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas (Edição Em Português), 12(3), 178. doi: 10.11606/issn.1806-6976.v12i3p178-187
Pluhar, E., McCracken, C., Griffith, K. L., Christino, M. A., Sugimoto, D., & Meehan, W. P. (2019). Team Sport Athletes May Be Less Likely To Suffer Anxiety or Depression than Individual Sport Athletes. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 18(3), 490-496. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31427871
Polanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., & Rohde, L. A. (2015). Annual Research Review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3), 345-365. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12381
Rose Júnior, D. de. (2006). Modalidades Esportivas Coletivas. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.
Saud, L. F., & Tonelotto, J. M. de F. (2005). Social behaviour inschool: differences between genders and grade. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 9(1), 47-57. doi: 10.1590/S1413-85572005000100005
Saur, A. M., & Loureiro, S. R. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire:a literature review. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 29(4), 619-629. doi: 10.1590/S0103-166X2012000400016
Schuch, F. B., Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P. B., Silva, E. S., … Stubbs, B. (2018). Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(7), 631-648. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111194
Taliaferro, L. A., Eisenberg, M. E., Johnson, K. E., Nelson, T. F., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2011). Sport participation during adolescence and suicide ideation and attempts. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 23(1), 3-10. doi: 10.1515/ijamh.2011.002
Victor, S. E., & Klonsky, E. D. (2014). Correlates of suicide attempts among self-injurers: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(4), 282-297. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.005
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2008). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 61(4), 344-349. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008
Wang, Y. (2013). Socio-cultural influences on adolescent smoking in mainland China: the mediating role of smoking-related cognitions. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1369420648?accountid=32928%5Cnhttp://pqdt.calis.edu.cn/Detail.aspx?pid=3561503
Weiss, M. R., & Smith, A. L. (2002). Friendship Quality in Youth Sport: Relationship to Age, Gender, and Motivation Variables. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24(4), 420-437. doi: 10.1123/jsep.24.4.420
World Health Organization. (n.d.). SampleXS. Geneva. Retrieved from http://www.brixtonhealth.com/samplexs.html
